Effectiveness of Best Management Practices for Bacteria Removal Developed for the Upper Mississippi River Bacteria TMDL

This literature review is intended to assist in guiding the selection of the most practical and effective implementation strategies to improve water quality in the Upper Mississippi River Bacteria Total Maximum Daily Load project area. The literature review evaluated research findings regarding the effectiveness of various best management practices to reduce bacteria loading to surface waters. The best management practices evaluated through literature were: wetland treatment systems, wet and dry detention ponds, biofiltration/filtration practices, hydrodynamic and manufactured devices, vegetated buffers/filter strips and swales, livestock riparian access control, manure management and pollution prevention and source controls.